GRE备考指南：GRE数学常见题型和高分技巧，内附全套真题下载

GRE考试包括数学、语文和写作三部分。GRE数学作为GRE考试的一部分，其成绩对GRE总成绩有重要的影响。今天我们大家介绍GRE数学考试常见的题型，内附全套真题下载。

近年来，GRE数学考试部分虽然增加了难度，但是如果认真备考，GRE数学对于中国考生来说还是相对简单的。只要考试时调整好心态，遇到复杂的题目不要紧张，仔细审题，大多数考生都可以拿到满分。GRE的数学考试包括2个部分，每个部分包含20个问题，每个部分的考试时间为35分钟。有的同学也会遇到加试。

GRE数学部分主要考察以下四个主要领域： 

算术：数字属性（可分性和分解）、素数、奇数和偶数整数、算术运算、指数和根、绝对值、数字行、百分比、比率和数字序列。

代数：代数表达式、线性和二次方程、联立方程、不等式、函数、基于现实世界问题的方程（距离，时间和速度，距离，速度，时间，工作和速率，简单和复合利益）。

几何：线条、三角形（等边，等腰，30-60-90三角形）、圆形、矩形、正方形、四边形、多边形、3D图形 – 圆柱体、圆锥体、球体和长方体、面积、周长、体积、坐标几何 – 线（斜率和截距）、函数图和抛物线。

数据分析：统计 （均值，中位数，模式，百分位数，四分位数，四分位数间距），排列和组合，概率，数据解释 （ 线图，条形图，圆形图，箱形图，散点图和频率分布）。

GRE数学部分的主要问题类型如下：

10-12个选择题（包括单选和多选）

例题：

The figure for sample question 2 shows the graph in the x y plane of the function f of x = the absolute value of 2x, end absolute value, + 4. There are equally spaced tick marks along the x axis and along the y axis. The first tick mark to the right of the origin, and the first tick mark above the origin, are both labeled 1. The graph of the function f is in the shape of the letter V. It is above the x axis and is symmetric with respect to the y axis. The lowest point on the graph of f is the point 0 comma 4 on the y axis. Going leftward from the point 0 comma 4 the graph of f is a line that slants upward, passing through the point negative 2 comma 8. Going rightward from the point 0 comma 4 the graph of f is a line that slants upward, passing through the point 2 comma 8. End of figure description.

The figure above shows the graph of the function f defined by f of x = the absolute value of 2x, end absolute value, + 4 for all numbers x. For which of the following functions g defined for all numbers x does the graph of g intersect the graph of f ?

A) g of x = x minus 2

B) g of x = x + 3

C) g of x = 2x minus 2

D)  g of x = 2x + 3

E)  g of x = 3x minus 2

答案： E

6-7个定量比较问题

例题：

Quantity A
x squared + 1

Quantity B
2x, minus 1

A) Quantity A is greater.
B) Quantity B is greater.
C) The two quantities are equal.
D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

答案：A

定量比较解题技巧：
1）解答之前，两个Column都要先认真看一看;
2）注意出题的目的在于强调速度和捷径，因此不要陷于冗长的演算过程;
3）尽可能地简化问题，必要时画出草图或做上记号;
4）当问题中没有出现变量而都是数值时，不可以选(D);当问题中出现变量x、y、z或a、b、c时，可以由0、1和-1的简单数值代替计算;如果代入不同的数值，有不同的大小关系则就选(D);
5）要特别注意数量比较大小的最后几题。

1-2个数字输入问题

例题：

A university admitted 100 students who transferred from other institutions. Of these students, 34 transferred from two-year community colleges, 25 transferred from private four-year institutions, and the rest transferred from public four-year institutions. If two different students are to be selected at random from the 100 students, what is the probability that both students selected will be students who transferred from two-year community colleges?

Give your answer as a fraction.

答案：17 over 150

数字输入解题技巧：
1）仔细阅读题目，把要求解的地方圈起来;
2）画出草图或在图上做记号;
3）若有简单的公式或解法，则尽量用简单的方法直接求解，再选择正确的答案;
4）若没有公式可循，则试着消去不合理的答案，即由答案做起，代入题目中验证是否正确，并且用近似值求法来简化计算过程，最终求出正确答案;
5）要特别注意最后的几题，一般设有复杂而巧妙的陷阱。

2-3 图表分析问题

这些问题要求学生解释和分析数据集 – 表格/图表/箱形图/散点图/频率分布，并选择正确的答案选择（多项选择或数字输入）。

例题：Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following data.

PERCENT CHANGE IN MONTHLY* VALUE OF INVENTORY
AT SIX BUSINESSES FROM APRIL TO JUNE

The table has 3 columns and 6 rows.

Business

Percent Change
from April to May

Percent Change
from May to June
G 6 8
K 5 -5
M 2 12
R 8 -5
V 14 0
Z 2 -10

*Inventory values are determined at the end of each month.

1. If the value of the inventory at Business K was $30,000 for April, what was the value of the inventory at Business K for June?
A) $22,500
B) $29,925
C) $30,000
D) $33,000
E) $33,075

答案: B

2. At Business M, the value of the inventory for May was what percent of the value of the inventory for June?
Give your answer to the nearest 0.1 percent.
Answer box followed by percent sign%
答案: 89.3

3. For which of the six businesses shown was the percent change in the value of the inventory from April to June greatest?

A) G
B) K
C) M
D) R
E) V
答案: A

图表分析解题技巧：
1）先略读一下题目;
2）检视一下图表，注意标题、图例及比较显着的变化;
3）把每个题目的重点圈起来；
4）太难的或容易混淆的题目要跳过去;
5）如果计算的项目很繁杂，应先从可能的答案求近似值，排除不合理的答案;
6）在整个数量部分的试题中，图表分析的题目应该放在最后面做。